Muna 2017, Hurricane ine simba Irma yakatenderedza Miami-Dade uye yese yeSouth Florida.
Munharaunda zhinji yedunhu, ziso reChikamu 4 rakarova Florida Keys mamaira mashoma kubva, uye kukanganisa kwedutu remumhepo kwakanzwika zvakanyanya. Zvakanga zvakaipa zvakakwana: Mhepo nemvura zvakakuvadza matenga, kutema miti uye tambo dzemagetsi, uye magetsi akanga apera kwemazuva - kunyanya kuzivikanwa, 12 vanhu vakwegura muBroward County vakapedzisira vagara mumisha yevakwegura vasina simba.
Zvisinei, pedyo nemhenderekedzo yeBiscayne Bay, Irma yakanga ine mhepo yakaenzana neChikamu 1 dutu - yakasimba zvakakwana kutumira 3 tsoka kusvika pamusoro pemamita matanhatu emvura achishamba pamusoro pezvivharo zvakawanda muMiami Brickell neCoconut Grove nzvimbo, kuparadza piers, docks uye zvikepe. , migwagwa yakafashamira kwemazuva yakazara neGungwa reBiscay nemabhomba, uye yakaunganidza zvikepe zvemaseiri nemamwe magwa mumahombekombe edzimba nemayadhi kuSouth Bay Boulevard uye mubay.
Nzira dzinowanzo pinda mubay dzinoyerera dzichidzoka semafungu anofamba mukati menyika, achifashukira munharaunda, mumigwagwa nedzimba.
Kukuvadzwa kwakakonzerwa nemadziro aimhanya-mhanya epabay, nepo akaganhurirwa muhukuru uye hukuru, muzviitiko zvakawanda zvakatora makore nemamiriyoni emadhora kuti agadziriswe.
Zvakadaro, dai dutu racho rakaenzana nehukuru uye simba seDutu reYang, raizosunda dutu remhepo rinosvika 15 tsoka kumahombekombe eFort Myers Beach, richirova zvakananga Key Biscayne nenzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda dzinogara pazvitsuwa zvinodzivirira zvinoidzivirira. Izvi zvinosanganisira Biscayne Bay, Miami Beach, uye mataundi emahombekombe anotambanuka mamaira akati wandei kuchamhembe achitevedza zvitsuwa zvine dambudziko.
Nyanzvi dzinoratidza kuti kushushikana kweveruzhinji nezvedutu kunonyanya kutariswa nekukuvadza kwemhepo. Asi dutu guru, rinononoka reChikamu 4 seDutu reYan richakonzera mafambiro anotyisa padyo nemhenderekedzo yegungwa yeMiami-Dade uye nechepakati penyika kupfuura Hurricane Center Irma's surge risk mepu inoratidza.
Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoti Miami-Dade inoramba isina kugadzirira munzira dzakawanda, mupfungwa nemumuviri, sezvatinoenderera mberi nekukura vagari uye kugadzirisa njodzi yegungwa nemvura yepasi kubva kuMiami Beach kuenda kuBrickell neSouth Miami-Dade. Mvura yepasi yakakwira nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Vakuru vehurumende mumatunhu nemaguta asina njodzi vanonyatsoziva nezvenjodzi idzi. Makodhi ekuvaka anotoda zvivakwa zvitsva zvekugara uye zvekutengesa munzvimbo dzinonyanya kutambudzika nekukwira kwemafungu kuti dzikwidzirwe kuitira kuti mvura ipfuure mazviri pasina kuvakuvadza. Miami Beach neBiscayne Bay vakashandisa mamirioni emadhora nerubatsiro rwehurumende kudzoreredza dziviriro yedune uye kugadzirisa mahombekombe ari pedyo negungwa reAtlantic. Zviremera zviri kushanda panzira itsva, dzakafemerwa nemasikirwo ekudzikisa simba remadutu, kubva kumahombekombe ekugadzira matombo kusvika kuzvitsuwa zvitsva zvemangrove uye "nzvimbo dzegungwa dzinogara" mumhenderekedzo yegungwa.
Asi kunyangwe zvigadziriso zvakanakisa zvichadzikira pane kumisa mhedzisiro yemadutu ane simba. Vazhinji vavo vari kure. Zvisinei, vaigona kuhwina makore anenge 30 chete kukwira kwegungwa kusati kwaparadza masvingo zvakare. Zvichakadaro, zviuru zvedzimba dzekare nezvivakwa zviri pasi zvinoramba zviri munjodzi huru pakukwidzwa kwemagetsi.
"Zvauri kuona kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweFlorida zvakaita kuti tive nehanya zvikuru pamusoro pekusagadzikana kwedu uye zvatinofanira kuita," akadaro Roland Samimi, mukuru mukuru wekupora wemusha weBiscayne Bay, unongova 3. 4 mamita pamusoro pegungwa. yevavhoti. $100 miriyoni muhova dzemari dzakabvumidzwa kutsigira mapurojekiti makuru ekusimbaradza.
“Unongogona kuzvidzivirira kubva kumasaisai. Pachava nepesvedzero nguva dzose. Haufi wakaibvisa. Iwe haugone kukunda wave."
Apo dutu iri rine chisimba rinosvika kuBiscayne Bay pane imwe nguva mune ramangwana, mvura yakaoma ichasimuka kubva panzvimbo yakakwirira yekutanga: maererano neNOAA zviyero zvemvura, mazinga egungwa emunharaunda akakwira neanopfuura 100 muzana kubvira 1950. Yakasimuka ne8 inches uye inotarisirwa. kuchamuka. ne16 kusvika 32 inches ne2070, maererano neSoutheast Florida Regional Climate Change Agreement.
Nyanzvi dzinoti huremu hwakanyanya uye simba remhepo inokurumidza uye mafungu ane simba anogona kukuvadza zvivako, mabhiriji, magetsi emagetsi uye mamwe masangano evanhu vakawanda kupfuura mhepo, mvura uye mafashamo munzvimbo dzisina njodzi dzeMiami-Dade. Mvura, kwete mhepo, ndiyo inokonzera kufa kwedutu guru. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitika apo Hurricane Ian yakafuridzira mvura zhinji pamahombekombe eCaptiva neFort Myers kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweFlorida, uye mune dzimwe nguva mudzimba, mabhiriji nezvimwe zvivakwa pazvitsuwa zviviri zvinodzivirira. 120 vanhu, vazhinji vavo vakanyura.
"Mvura inofambisa ine simba guru uye ndiyo inokonzera kukanganisa kwakawanda," akadaro Dennis Hector, purofesa weYunivhesiti yeMiami yezvivakwa uye nyanzvi mukuderedza dutu uye kudzorerwa kwemaitiro.
Mepu dzinobva kuHurricane Center dzinoratidza kuti nzvimbo yeMiami inowanzoita masurges kupfuura nzvimbo yeFort Myers, uye zvakanyanya kupfuura maguta ekuchamhembe kwegungwa seFort Lauderdale kana Palm Beach. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mvura yemuBiscayne Bay haina kudzika uye inogona kuzadza sebhavhu uye inofashukira nechisimba kwemamaira akawanda mukati menyika, mhiri kweBiscayne Bay nekuseri kwemahombekombe.
Ivhareji yakadzika yebhayi iri pasi pemamita matanhatu. Nzvimbo isina kudzika yeBiscayne Bay yakaita kuti mvura iungane uye ikwire yoga apo dutu rine simba rakakukura mvura kumahombekombe. Nharaunda dzakaderera makiromita makumi matatu neshanu kubva kubhayi, kusanganisira Homestead, Cutler Bay, Palmetto Bay, Pinecrest, Coconut Grove, uye Gables by the Sea, vari panjodzi yemamwe mafashamo akaipisisa muSouth Florida.
Penny Tannenbaum akaita rombo rakanaka apo Irma akarova mahombekombe paCoconut Grove: akatama, uye imba yake iri paFairhaven Place, Bay Street pamugero, yaingova mafiti mashoma kubva pamafashamo. Asi paakasvika kumba, mukati maiva netsoka yemvura yakamira. Uriri hwayo, madziro, fenicha nemakabhati zvakaparadzwa.
Kunhuwa—musanganiswa wevhu ine mavhu nemarara—kwakanga kusingatsungiririki. Mushandi wezvekugadzirisa zvinhu waakahaya akapinda mumba akapfeka mask yepeturu. Migwagwa yakapoteredza yakanga yakafukidzwa netsvina yakashata.
Tannenbaum anoyeuka kuti, “Zvaiita sokuti waifanira kufoshorosa sinou, asi madhaka ebrown chete airema.
Pamwe chete, dutu racho rakakonzera kukuvara kweUS$300 000 pamusha nepfuma yaTannenbaum ndokumuita kuti asapinda mumba kwemwedzi 11.
Mafungiro eNational Hurricane Center yeYan akadana masurgery akakosha munzira yeSouth Miami-Dade nzira yedutu isati yatendeukira kuchamhembe kubva kuSouth Florida.
"Dadeland ine mvura kusvika kuUS 1 nekupfuura," akadaro Brian House, sachigaro wedhipatimendi resainzi yemugungwa paJohnston Chikoro cheOceanographic uye Atmospheric Sayenzi. Rosenthal paYunivhesiti yeMichigan, uyo anomhanyisa dutu rekuita modhi rabhoritari. "Ichi chiratidzo chakanaka chekuti tiri panjodzi."
Dai Irma asina kuchinja nzira zvakare, maitiro ake paMiami-Dade angadai akanyanya kuipa, kufungidzira kunoratidza.
Musi waSeptember 7, 2017, mazuva matatu Irma asati asvika kuFlorida, National Hurricane Center yakafanotaura kuti Dutu reChikamu 4 raizowira kumaodzanyemba kweMiami risati ratendeukira kuchamhembe uye richitsvaira gungwa rekumabvazuva kwehurumende.
Dai Irma akaramba ari munzira iyi, zvitsuwa zvinodzivirira zvakaita seMiami Beach uye Key Biscayne zvingadai zvakanyudzwa zvachose pakukwirira kwedutu. MuSouth Dade, mafashama emvura anozadza masendimita ese eHomestead, Cutler Bay nePalmetto Bay kumabvazuva kweUS. 1, uye pakupedzisira anoyambuka mugwagwa mukuru kupinda munzvimbo dzakadzika kumadokero, izvo zvinogona kutora mazuva kana mavhiki kuti aome. Rwizi rweMiami nemigero yakawanda muSouth Florida inoita senzira yenzira dzemvura inopa nzira dzakawanda dzekuti mvura ipinde mukati menyika.
Zvakaitika kare. Kaviri muzana remakore rapfuura, Miami-Dade yakaona mafungu emvura ane simba seJan paGulf Coast.
Hurricane Andrew isati yaitika muna 1992, rekodhi yekuSouth Florida yedutu yakabatwa nedutu reMiami risina kudomwa zita ra1926, iro rakasundira makumbo gumi nemashanu emvura kumahombekombe emiti yekokonati. Dutu rakagezawo mamita masere kusvika mapfumbamwe emvura pasi peMiami Beach. Memo yepamutemo kubva kuhofisi yeMiami Weather Service inonyora kukura kwekukuvara.
“Miami Beach yakazadzwa nemafashamo, uye pakakwirira gungwa rakatambanudzirwa kuMiami,” akanyora kudaro mukuru wehofisi Richard Gray muna 1926. “Migwagwa yose yeMiami Beach pedyo nenyanza yakanga yakafukidzwa nejecha kusvika pakadzika mamita anoverengeka, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo. nzvimbo motokari dzakavigwa zvachose. Mazuva mashoma dutu racho raitika, motokari yakacherwa mujecha, mukati maiva nemurume, mudzimai wake nemitumbi yevana vaviri” .
Hurricane Andrew, Chikamu 5 dutu uye imwe yeakasimba kwazvo akamborova kondinendi yeUnited States, yakatyora rekodhi ya1926. Pakukwirira kwemafashamo, mwero wemvura wakasvika anenge mafiti gumi nenomwe pamusoro pemvura yakajairika, sekuyerwa nedhaka rakaiswa pamadziro euriri hwechipiri hwedzimbahwe rekare reBurger King, ikozvino riri muPalmetto Bay. Save iri rakaparadza imba yemapuranga padyo neDearing estate uye yakasiya ngarava yekutsvagisa 105-foot kuseri kwemba yeimba kubva kuOld Cutler Drive.
Zvisinei, Andrey akanga ari dutu guru. Huwandu hwekuputika kwahunogadzira, nepo hwakasimba, hwakaganhurirwa zvakanyanya.
Kubva ipapo, nhamba yevanhu nedzimba zvakawedzera zvinoshamisa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzine ngozi zvikuru. Kwemakore makumi maviri apfuura, budiriro yakagadzira zviuru zvedzimba nyowani, dzimba munzvimbo dzinowanzoita mafashamo eEdgewater neBrickell Miami, nzvimbo dzinowanzoita mafashamo eCoral Gables neCutler Bay, uye Miami Beach neSunshine Banks uye House Islands Beach. .
MuBrickell chete, mafashama ezvivakwa zvitsva-akakwira akawedzera huwandu hwevanhu kubva pa55,000 muna 2010 kusvika 68,716 mu 2020 census. Data yeCensus inoratidza kuti zip code 33131, imwe yematatu macode anofukidza Brickell, yakapetwa kana mudzimba dzedzimba pakati pa2000 na2020.
MuBiscayne Bay, nhamba yevagari vegore rose yakawedzera kubva ku10,500 muna 2000 kusvika ku14,800 muna 2020, uye nhamba yedzimba dzakawedzera kubva pa4,240 kusvika 6,929. migero, nehuwandu hwevanhu huchiwedzera kubva pa7,000 kusvika ku49,250 panguva imwe cheteyo. Kubva 2010, Cutler Bay yakagamuchira vagari vangangosvika zviuru zvishanu uye nhasi ine huwandu hwevanhu vanopfuura zviuru makumi mana nezvishanu.
MuMiami Beach uye maguta anosvika kuchamhembe kusvika kuSunny Isles Beach neGold Beach, huwandu hwevanhu hwakaramba hwakagadzikana gore rose sezvo vashandi vazhinji venguva pfupi vakatenga zvivakwa zvepamusoro-soro, asi huwandu hwedzimba mushure me2000 Huwandu hwevanhu maererano ne2020 census. vanhu 105,000.
Vese vari pasi pekutyisidzirwa kwekuvhiya kwakasimba uye vakabviswa mukati medutu guru. Asi nyanzvi dzinotya kuti vamwe vanogona kusanyatsonzwisisa kutyisidzira kunokonzerwa nekuvhiyiwa kana kunzwisisa nuances ye data yekufanotaura. Nevagari vazhinji vaigara pamba sezvo dutu rakakurumidza kuwedzera uye rakasendamira kumaodzanyemba risati radonha, nyonganiso kana kududzira zvisirizvo nezvekuchinja kwaYang kwaifungidzirwa kunogona kunonotsa Lee County mirairo yekubuda uye kuchengetedza huwandu hwerufu hwakakwira.
Imba yeUM yakacherekedza kuti shanduko munzira dzedutu remamaira mashoma chete dzinogona kuita mutsauko pakati pedutu rinoparadza rakafanana nerinoonekwa muFort Myers uye kukuvara kudiki. Dutu remhepo Andrew rakatendeuka paminiti yekupedzisira ndokubata vanhu vazhinji pamba munzvimbo yaro.
"Ian muenzaniso wakanaka," House akadaro. "Kana ikafamba chero padyo nekufanotaura mazuva maviri kubva zvino, kunyangwe mamaira gumi kuchamhembe, Port Charlotte ichaona kuvhiyiwa kwakaipisisa kupfuura Fort Myers Beach."
Mukirasi, akati, “Tevedzera mirairo yekubuda. Usafungidzira kuti kufanotaura kuchave kwakakwana. Funga zvakaipisisa. Kana zvikasadaro, fara.
Zvinhu zvinoverengeka, zvinosanganisira nzvimbo yenzvimbo uye kutungamira kwedutu, kumhanya kwemhepo uye ukuru hwemunda wemhepo, zvinogona kukanganisa kuoma uye kwainosundira mvura, House yakati.
East Florida ine zvishoma zvishoma mukana wekusangana nedambudziko redutu rinopisa kupfuura kumadokero kweFlorida.
Mhenderekedzo yekumadokero kweFlorida yakakomberedzwa nemakiromita 150 yakafara isina kudzika ridge inozivikanwa seWest Florida Shelf. Sezvakaita muBiscayne Bay, mvura yese isina kudzika iri pedyo neGulf Coast inobatsira mukukura kwemadutu. Pamhenderekedzo yekumabvazuva, nekusiyana, sherufu yekondinendi inongosvika kiromita imwe chete kubva kumahombekombe panzvimbo yakamanikana padyo nemuganho weBroward nePalm Beach County.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti mvura yakadzika yeBiscayne Bay uye mahombekombe anogona kutora mvura yakawanda inokonzerwa nemadutu, saka havawedzere zvakanyanya.
Nekudaro, maererano neNational Hurricane Center's Storm Surge Risk Mepu, njodzi yemafungu inopfuura 9 tsoka panguva yeChikamu 4 dutu ichaitika pamusoro penzvimbo zhinji yeSouth Miami-Dade continental coastline muBiscayne Bay, munzvimbo dziri pedyo neRwizi rweMiami, uye nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. migero, pamwe nekuseri kwezvitsuwa zvinodzivirira zvakaita seBiscayne Bay nemahombekombe. Muchokwadi, Miami Beach yakadzikira kupfuura kumberi kwemvura, zvichiita kuti ive panjodzi yemafungu paunofamba uchiyambuka bay.
Splash mepu kubva kuHurricane Center inoratidza kuti Dutu reChikamu 4 richatumira masaisai makuru mamaira mukati menyika mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Mvura yakaoma inogona kufashamira kumabvazuva kwemahombekombe eMiami uye Upper East Side yeMiami, inosvika mhiri kweRwizi rweMiami kusvika kuHialeah, ichizadza musha weCoral Gables kumabvazuva kweOld Cutler Road ine mvura inodarika 9 tsoka, mafashamo ePinecrest uye anopinda Dzimba papurazi reMiami kumabvazuva.
Varongi vemumusha vakati Hurricane Yan yakaunza njodzi inogona kuitika kuvagari veBiscayne Bay, asi dutu rakabva kumhenderekedzo yepakati kumabvazuva kweOrlando, Florida mazuva mashoma gare gare. Kwapera vhiki, mamiriro ekunze akavhiringidzika aakasiya akatumira "chitima chekutakura zvinhu" kumhenderekedzo yeBiscayne Bay, iyo yakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya, mutungamiri wekuronga musha Jeremy Kaleros-Gogh akadaro. Masaisai akakanda jecha rakawanda richiyambuka makomo, izvo zvakadzoreredza mafungu emvura akadzikama, uye kumicheto yemapaki emahombekombe nemidziyo.
"PaBiscayne Beach, vanhu vari kusefa zvausina kumboona," Calleros-Goger akadaro.
Mukuru weSamimi akawedzera kuti: “Mhirizhonga yatambura. Vagari vanogona kuona izvi zvakajeka. Vanhu vanozviona. Hazvisi zvekufungidzira.”
Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzinoti kunyange mitemo yakanaka kwazvo, mainjiniya nemishonga yechisikigo haigoni kubvisa njodzi kuupenyu hwevanhu kana vanhu vakasazvikoshesa. Vanonetseka kuti vazhinji vevagari vemo vakakanganwa kwenguva refu zvidzidzo zvaAndrew, kunyange zvazvo zviuru zvevatsva zvisati zvambosangana nedutu ripi neripi rinopisa. Vanotya kuti vazhinji havazoteereri mirairo yekubuda iyo inoda zviuru zvevanhu kusiya misha yavo mukati medutu guru.
Meya weMiami-Dade, Daniella Levine Cava, akati ane chivimbo chekuti yambiro yekutanga yekanzuru haizopise chero munhu mudambudziko kana dutu guru richida kurova. Akataura kuti nzvimbo dzekuvhiya dzehurongwa uhu dzakamisikidzwa zvakajeka uye dunhu riri kupa rubatsiro nenzira yekutenderera inoendesa vagari kudzimba.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-10-2022